Emilia-Romagna is a rich, fertile region of northern Italy, and one of the country's most prolific wine regions with over 55,000 hectares (136,000 acres) under vine in 2010. A wide, expansive region 150 miles (240km) wide, it spans almost the entire width of the northern Italian peninsula and is thus sandwiched between Tuscany and Marche to the south and Piedmont, Lombardy and Veneto to the north. Long, narrow Liguria is its sixth and final neighbor, and is all that prevents Emilia-Romagna from being the only Italian region with both an east and a west coast.
Emilia-Romagna's viticultural heritage dates back as far as seventh century B.C. ranking it among the older of Italy's wine regions. Vines were introduced here by the Etruscans and later adopted by the Romans, who used the Via Aemilia road (after which the region is named) to transport wine between its cities. The vine varieties used here for many centuries were of the Vitis labrusca species rather than the Vitis vinifera used all over the world today; it is from these origins that Emilia-Romagna's famous Lambrusco varieties are derived.
Today, about 15% of wine produced in Emilia-Romagna falls under the region's 22 DOC titles, and only a tiny fraction under its two DOCGs Albana di Romagna and Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto. This is much higher than Italy's prolific southern regions like Puglia and Sicily, where that figure is closer to 4%, yet much lower than in Veneto, where 25% of all wine is DOC quality or higher.
The region's geographical diversity is significant, and plays an important part in creating the various terroirs found here. In the west the rolling hills and Apennine peaks give way to the lower-lying plains east of Parma, Modena and Bologna, and beyond that the coastal plains of the Ferrara province, where a notable proportion of the land lies just below sea-level. The River Po flows west to east across all of this, marking the region's northern border and linking the Apennines to the Adriatic Sea.
Emilia-Romagna's wine production is divided evenly between whites and reds, the dominant vine varieties being Malvasia, Lambrusco (both in various forms) Trebbiano, Barbera, Bonarda and of course Sangiovese. A lare percentage of these grapes are used to produce sparkling wines, either frizzante or spumante, of which the most notable are from the five Lambrusco DOCs; Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetra, Lambrusco di Modena and Reggiano. Despite its wide portfolio of well-known Italian and international varieties (Chardonnay, Pinot Blanco and Cabernet Sauvignon are used both in varietal wines and blends), Emilia-Romagna’s uniqueness comes from its rare local DOC wines. Examples of this red Cagnina di Romagna and white Pagadebit di Romagna, as well as Bosco Eliceo Fortana (Brugnolo).
